01 Paintings by the Orientalist Artists in the Nineteenth-Century, with footnotes, 15

Isidore-Alexandre-Augustin Pils, (FRENCH 1813-1875)

Family at doorway preparing cous-cous

Oil on canvas 

90 x 67cm (35.5 x 26.25in) 

Private collection

Isidore-Alexandre-Augustin Pils (19 July 1813/15, Paris – 3 December 1875, Paris) was a French painter. Pils was born in Paris. At the age of twelve, he studied with Guillaume Guillon-Lethière for four years. He later studied under François-Édouard Picot.

By 1840 he'd been admitted to the École des Beaux-Arts and was competing for the Prix de Rome, which he won in 1841 for a history painting, St. Peter Healing a Lame Man at the Door of the Temple. Although in poor health, Pils then spent the customary three years at the French Academy in Rome at the Villa Medici, which then had Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres as its director. While in Italy he visited Naples, Venice, and Florence.

After experiences travelling with French troops through the Crimea, his themes took on military and nationalistic subjects. He later produced many military scenes during the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.

Pils was appointed professor of painting at the École des Beaux-Arts in 1863 but left the same year for two years in Algeria. In 1868 he was elected to Académie des Beaux-Arts. More on Isidore-Alexandre-Augustin Pils

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01 Paintings by the Orientalist Artists in the Nineteenth-Century, with footnotes, 19

Charles Wilda, 1854 - 1907, GERMAN

A SOUK IN CAIRO, c. 1887

Oil on panel

63 by 47cm., 25 by 18½in.

Private collection

Open air markets in Old Cairo are called a “souk” in Arabic. You’ll find these types of markets in all Middle Eastern countries.  The tradition of buying and selling, haggling and bargaining among the crowds has being going on for centuries already.

Charles Wilda (born December 20, 1854 in Vienna as Karl Wilda , † June 11, 1907 ibid) was an Austrian painter of Viennese Orientalism . Wilda studied as a pupil of the painter Leopold Carl Müller at the Vienna Academy . He belonged to the center of Austrian Oriental painting.

In his paintings, the daily life in Cairo, where he frequented, played the most important role. His paintings have titles such as "The Snake Charmer" or "The Storyteller". In 1892 he undertook an Egyptian journey with the same-age sculptor Arthur Strasser.

Since 1880s, he exhibited almost regularly at the Vienna Annual Exhibition , the Berlin International Art Exhibition , the Munich Annual Exhibition or the Dresden International Art Exhibition . At the Paris World Exposition in 1900 he was well represented with some of his works. 


The tomb of Charles Wilda at the Vienna Central Cemetery, designed by Hella Unger, 1909. More on Charles Wilda

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01 Paintings by the Orientalist Artists in the Nineteenth-Century, with footnotes, 16

Arthur von Ferraris, 1856-1936, HUNGARIAN

THE ARMOURER’S SHOP, c. 1893

Oil on canvas

60 by 89cm., 23½ by 35in.

Private collection

In painting Ferraris demonstrates his skill both as a draughtsman and as an acute observer of Egyptian society. From the array of weapons including kilij swords and khanjar knives, to the costumes of the shopkeepers and their client, deep in negotiation, every detail is painstakingly observed and minutely rendered, offering up a fascinating visual document of the vibrancy of life in the streets of Cairo at the turn of the century. Ferraris's fastidious attention to detail reflects the influence of his teacher, Jean-Léon Gérôme, at whose encouragement Ferraris travelled to Cairo in the winter of 1885 in the company of Ludwig Deutsch.  More on this painting

Arthur Von Ferraris (1856 - c.1928) was born in 1856 in Galkovitz, Hungary.  Like so many European regions in 1848, Hungary experienced a major reform movement—in this case to oust the longstanding Hapsburg rulers in Vienna.  

Von Ferraris’ first move was to Vienna during his teenage years.  His first teacher was the Viennese artist, Joseph Matthaus, who specialized in portrait painting.  He did not stay long in Vienna however, leaving for Paris in 1876.

After settling into life in Paris, von Ferraris studied with Jules Lefebvre at the Académie Julian, and then with Jean-Léon Gérôme at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts.  He began exhibiting at the Salon des Artistes Français in 1881, just a year after beginning his studies with Gérôme. 

Iin the winter of 1884-85 he traveled to Egypt with his friend, Ludwig Deutsch, an Austrian painter who was also living in Paris.  Undoubtedly Gérôme encouraged the trip.  Von Ferraris and Deutsch spent a productive winter in Cairo, returning to Paris with a wealth of drawings, oil sketches and possibly photographs.  

By the late 1880s, von Ferraris had set up a studio with another Orientalist painter, Charles Wilda.  He continued to paint society portraits—a reliable source of income with wealthy clients.  Von Ferraris exhibited many of his society portraits at the annual Salon.

His Orientalist paintings were regularly shown at the Salon throughout the late 1880s and early 1890s.   Von Ferraris also won honorable mentions at both of the world fairs, the Exposition Universelle, in Paris in 1889 and 1900.

In 1893, he left Paris for Budapest, where he stayed for the next two years. By 1894, he left Budapest for Vienna, and began to exhibit his work in Berlin as well.  Turn-of-the-century Vienna the Vienna Secession group (led by Gustave Klimt) was proclaiming that art should be free—especially from the stodgy, provincial thinking at the tradition-bound Künstlerhaus.  Von Ferraris seems not only to have supported the ideas of the Secession reform group, but also to have become a member in 1898, shortly after it was founded.  

He traveled frequently throughout the Middle East, but also exploring Palestine.  Significantly, his reputation as a society portraitist continued to bring steady, financially rewarding work from international clients.  He made several trips to New York City where he achieved a certain social status for having painted the portrait of John Davison Rockefeller, the founder of Standard Oil. More on Arthur Von Ferraris

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01 Paintings by the Orientalist Artists in the Nineteenth-Century, with footnotes, 16

Gustave Clarence Rodolphe Boulanger, (FRENCH 1824 - 1888)

Aristocratic ladies promenading at the city walls, c. 1869

Oil on canvas

73 x 50cm

Private collection

Gustave Clarence Rodolphe Boulanger (25 April 1824 – October 1888) was a French figure painter known for his classical and Orientalist subjects. He was born at Paris in 1824, and orphaned at age 14 His uncle and guardian subsequently sent him to the studio of Pierre-Jules Jollivet and then to Delaroche in 1840. In 1849 took the Prix de Rome with his painting, Ulysses, a work which combined a classical approach with Orientalist overtones.

In 1845, he first visited Algeria and this gave him an interest in Orientalist themes. Boulanger's knowledge of Pompeii, which he visited while studying at the École de Rome, also gave him ideas for many future works. His paintings are prime examples of academic art of the time, particularly history painting. Boulanger had visited Italy, Greece, and North Africa, and his paintings reflect his attention to culturally correct details and skill in rendering the female form.


He began teaching at the Institut de France in 1882 and was an influential teacher, noted for his dislike of the Impressionism. More on Gustave Clarence Rodolphe Boulanger

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01 Paintings by the Orientalist Artists in the Nineteenth-Century, with footnotes, 15

Edmund Berninger, (1843 Arnstadt - 1910 Munich)

Bedouin rest in the desert

Watercolor

24 x 32 cm

Private collection

Partly unfinished desert view with a group of Bedouins resting near the mountains under blue sky in the sunshine.

Edmund Berninger (1843 Arnstadt - 1910 Munich) was a landscape painter and watercolourist. Berninger was born in Thüringia and abandoned an early career as a pharmacist in favour of training as an artist in Weimar under Theodor Hagen. Settling in Munich in 1874, he then spent several years travelling around Europe, North Africa and the Near East. He produced paintings, oil sketches and watercolours of sites in England, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Greece, Constantinople, Egypt (where he is thought to have lived for several years), Palestine, Algeria and Tunisia. He painted views of Jerusalem and Cairo, as well as richly coloured landscapes and scenes of Oriental markets and caravans. Berninger also worked as an illustrator, and painted a number of large-scale public works in the form of panoramas (including Egyptian landscapes and battle scenes) and dioramas. More on Edmund Berninger

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01 Paintings by the Orientalist Artists in the Nineteenth-Century, with footnotes, 14

Émile Bernard, 1868 - 1941, FRENCH
AU HAREM

oil on canvas
42 1/2 by 55 1/2 in., 108 by 141 cm
Private collection

Harem a sacred inviolable place; for female members of the family. Harem properly refers to domestic spaces that are reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family and are inaccessible to adult males except for close relations. Similar institutions have been common in other Mediterranean and Middle Eastern civilizations, especially among royal and upper-class families and the term is sometimes used in non-Islamic contexts. The structure of the harem and the extent of monogamy or polygamy has varied depending on the family's personalities, socio-economic status, and local customs. A harem may house a man's wife—or wives and concubines, as in royal harems of the past.

In the West, Orientalist imaginary conceptions of the harem as a fantasy world of forbidden sexuality where numerous women lounged in suggestive poses have influenced many paintings, stage productions, films and literary works. Several European Renaissance paintings dating to the 16th century defy Orientalist tropes and portray the women of the Ottoman harem as individuals of status and political significance. In many periods of Islamic history women in the harem exercised various degrees of political power. Harem. More on the Harem

Émile Henri Bernard (28 April 1868 – 16 April 1941) was a French Post-Impressionist painter and writer, who had artistic friendships with Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Eugène Boch, and at a later time, Paul Cézanne. Most of his notable work was accomplished at a young age, in the years 1886 through 1897. He is also associated with Cloisonnism and Synthetism, two late 19th-century art movements. Less known is Bernard's literary work, comprising plays, poetry, and art criticism as well as art historical statements that contain first hand information on the crucial period of modern art to which Bernard had contributed. More on Émile Henri Bernard

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05 Paintings by the Orientalist Artists in the Nineteenth-Century, with footnotes, 12

Adolf Schreyer, 1828 - 1899, GERMAN

ARAB HORSEMAN

Oil on canvas

82.5 by 68cm., 32½ by 26¾in.

Private collection

Adolf Schreyer (July 9, 1828 Frankfurt-am-Main – July 29, 1899 Kronberg im Taunus) was a German painter, associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. He studied art, first at the Städel Institute in his native town, and then at Stuttgart and Munich. He painted many of his favourite subjects in his travels in the East. He first accompanied Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis through Hungary, Wallachia, Russia and Turkey; then, in 1854, he followed the Austrian army across the Wallachian frontier. In 1856 he went to Egypt and Syria, and in 1861 to Algiers. In 1862 he settled in Paris, but returned to Germany in 1870; and settled at Cronberg near Frankfurt, where he died.

Schreyer was, and is still, especially esteemed as a painter of horses, of peasant life in Wallachia and Moldavia, and of battle incidents. His work is remarkable for its excellent equine draughtsmanship, and for the artist's power of observation and forceful statement; and has found particular favour among French and American collectors. Of his battle-pictures there are two at the Schwerin Gallery, and others in the collection of Count Mensdorff-Pouilly and in the Raven Gallery, Berlin.  More on Adolf Schreyer

Charles Landelle, 1821 - 1908, FRENCH

L'ORIENTALE

Oil on canvas

55.5 by 38.5cm., 22 by 15in.

Private collection

Zacharie Charles Landelle, born on 2 June 1821 In Laval, the October 13 , 1908 In Chennevières-sur-Marne, is a French painter and portraitist. Born to a modest family. In 1857 he married Alice Letronne, daughter of the general of the guard Jean-Antoine Letronne who saved the National Archives in 1848 . Two sons, Georges and Paul, were born of this union, all of whom died during the lifetime of their father.

He followed his father  to Paris 1827. He only return to his hometown only at the end of his life.

He developed a talent and a very solid craft at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris where he was admitted in 1837 as a pupil of Paul Delaroche and Ary Scheffer . At the beginning of his career, he painted several portraits to support himself. Influenced by Italian paintings after traveling in the South of France and Italy, he made copies of some of the paintings by the great masters of the Renaissance at the Louvre.

His portraits and large religious paintings were instantly successful, and allowed him to gain the recognition of the high society of the nineteenth century. Napoleon III admired him very much, bought from him the two canvases of the Beatitudes ( 1852 ) to offer them to the city of Laval. He received numerous state commissions.

From his travels in North Africa and the Middle East in the 1860s , he created works that were often very successful. His first voyage to Morocco dates from 1866. In 1866 he painted Femme Fellah, which earned him the nickname of a painter of the fellahs , a work purchased by the Emperor for his personal collection, but destroyed in the fire at the Château de Saint-Cloud in 1870. A replica, executed By Charles Landelle, is preserved in the museum of the Old Castle of Laval.

In 1875 , he is in Egypt, and travels the Nile with the explorer Mariette . He travelled each year to the East, or Algeria and returned with paintings. At the end of his life, Charles Landelle encouraged the creation in Laval of a museum of painting which he inaugurated in 1895, at the height of his glory, alongside the President of the Republic : it is the current Science Museum. More on Zacharie Charles Landelle

Frederick Arthur Bridgman, 1847 - 1928, AMERICAN
HALT IN THE DESERT
Oil on panel
18.5 by 23.5cm., 7¼ by 9¼in.
Private collection

Frederick Arthur Bridgman (November 10, 1847 - 1928) was an American artist, born in Tuskegee, Alabama. The son of a physician, Bridgman would become one of the United States' most well-known and well-regarded painters and become known as one of the world's most talented "Orientalist" painters. He began as a draughtsman in New York City, for the American Bank Note Company in 1864-1865, and studied art in the same years at the Brooklyn Art Association and at the National Academy of Design; but he went to Paris in 1866 and became a pupil of Jean-Leon Gerome. Paris then became his headquarters. A trip to Egypt in 1873-1874 resulted in pictures of the East that attracted immediate attention, and his large and important composition, The Funeral Procession of a Mummy on the Nile, in the Paris Salon (1877), bought by James Gordon Bennett, brought him the Cross of the Legion of Honor. Other paintings by him were An American Circus in Normandy, Procession of the Bull Apis (now in the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), and a Rumanian Lady (in the Temple collection, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). More on Frederick Arthur Bridgman

Blas Olleros Y Quintana (Spanish, 1851–1919)

THE PERSIAN BATH

Oil on canvas

123.5 by 92cm., 48¾ by 36¼in

Private collection

Blas Olleros y Quintana was a Spanish visual artist who was born in 1852. Many works by the artist have been sold at auction, including 'In a Persian Bath' (above)sold at Sotheby's London 'European Paintings' in 2012. More on Blas Olleros y Quintana

Emile Cambiaggio, 1857 - 1930, ITALIAN

UNE CHARMEUSE, The charmer

Oil on canvas

141 by 204cm., 55½ by 80in.

Private collection

Emile Cambiaggio, 1857 - 1930, ITALIAN was a French visual artist who was born in 1857. Several works by the artist have been sold at auction, including 'Une charmeuse' (above)sold at Christie's London '19th Century European Art' in 2003. More on Emile Cambiaggio

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