33 Paintings by the Orientalist Artists in the Nineteenth-Century, with footnotes, 7

Orientalism is a term used by scholars in art history, literary, geography, and cultural studies for an approach to the depiction of "Oriental" cultures (including those of the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia) taken by writers, designers, and artists from the West, particularly in the nineteenth century. Orientalist painting depicting "the Middle East" was a genre of 19th-century Academic art. The literature of Western countries took a similar interest in Oriental themes. It is also used for the use of Asian styles in Western art, especially in architecture and the decorative arts. More

Frederick Goodall, RA (British, 1822-1904)

The way from the village - Time of inundation, Egypt 

Oil on canvas

35 1/4 x 57in (89.8 x 145cm)

Private collection

Frederick Goodall RA (London 17 September 1822 – 29 July 1904) was an English artist, born in 1822, the second son of steel line engraver Edward Goodall (1795–1870). He received his education at the Wellington Road Academy.

Frederick's first commission, for Isambard Brunel, was six watercolour paintings of the Rotherhithe Tunnel. Four of these were exhibited at the Royal Academy when Frederick was 16. His first oil won a Society of Arts silver medal. He exhibited work at the Royal Academy 27 times between 1838 and 1859. He was elected Associate of the Royal Academy in 1852.

Goodall visited Egypt in 1858 and again in 1870, both times travelling and camping with Bedouin tribesmen. In order to provide authentic detail to his paintings, Goodall brought back sheep and goats from Egypt. The Egyptian theme was prominent in his work, with 170 paintings being exhibited at the Royal Academy over 46 years.

Goodall's work received high praise and acclaim from critics and artists alike and he earned a fortune from his paintings. He had a home built at Grim's Dyke, Harrow Weald, where he would entertain guests such as the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII). More

Frederick Goodall, RA (British, 1822-1904)

Leaving The Village

Oil on canvas

35 1/4 x 57in (89.8 x 145cm)

Private property

Frederick Goodall (1822–1904)

The Song of the Nubian Slave, c. 1863

Oil on canvas

68.6 × 91 cm (27 × 35.8 in)

Private property

Rudolf Swoboda (1859-1914)

The carpet menders

Oil on canvas

79 x 107 cm

Private property

Rudolf Swoboda the younger (1859–1914) was a 19th-century Austrian painter, born in Vienna. He studied under Leopold Carl Müller, and voyaged with him to Egypt in 1880. He was a well-known Orientalist.

In 1886, Queen Victoria commissioned Swoboda to paint several of a group of Indian artisans who had been brought to Windsor as part of the Golden Jubilee preparations. Victoria liked the resulting paintings so much that she paid Swoboda's way to India to paint more of her Indian subjects.

Swoboda painted many of the ordinary people of India in a grouping of small (no more than eight inches high) paintings which resulted.

While in India, he stayed, part of the time, with John Lockwood Kipling, and met his son Rudyard Kipling. The younger Kipling was unimpressed with Swoboda, writing to a friend about two "Austrian maniacs" who thought they were "almighty" artists aiming to "embrace the whole blazing East" More

Eugène Fromentin (October 24, 1820 – August 27, 1876)

Le Simoon

Oil on canvas

55.2 x 65.4 cm, (21.73" x 25¾")

Private collection

Eugène Fromentin (October 24, 1820 – August 27, 1876) was a French painter and writer, now better remembered for his writings. He was born in La Rochelle. After leaving school he studied for some years under Louis Cabat, the landscape painter. Fromentin was one of the earliest pictorial interpreters of Algeria, having been able, while quite young, to visit the land and people that suggested the subjects of most of his works, and to store his memory as well as his portfolio with the picturesque and characteristic details of North African life. In 1849, he was awarded a medal of the second class.

In 1852, he paid a second visit to Algeria, accompanying an archaeological mission, and then completed that minute study of the scenery of the country and of the habits of its people which enabled him to give to his after-work the realistic accuracy that comes from intimate knowledge. More

Charles Robertson RWS, (British, 1844-1891)

Carpet Bazaar, Cairo, 1887

مصر زمان شارع الغورية بالقاهرة

Private collection

Charles Robertson RWS, (British, 1844-1891)

Alnashar's dream (The barber's fifth brother, Arabian nights) 

watercolour and bodycolour

105 x 74cm (41 5/16 x 29 1/8in).

Private property

Arthur Trevor Haddon (British, 1864-1941)

Arabs in a busy street 

Oil on canvas

87 x 119.5cm (34 1/4 x 47 1/16in).

Private property

Arthur Trevor Haddon (1864-1941), also known as Trevor Haddon, was a British painter and illustrator. He was born in London. He entered the Slade School of Fine Art in 1883, where he studied under Alphonse Legros. He also studied with Hubert von Herkomer from 1888 to 1890. More

Vincent Joseph François Courdouan (French, 1810-1893)

A rest in the desert, Algeria 

Oil on canvas

53 x 78.5cm (20 7/8 x 30 7/8in)

Private property

Joseph Vincent François Courdouan (7 March 1810, Toulon - 8 December 1893, Toulon) was a French painter who specialized in maritime scenes. He began his artistic studies at the age of twelve with the local artist Pierre Letuaire. Later, he spent some time at the "École des Beaux-Arts de la Marine", a small school under the direction of the naval sculptor Félix Brun (1763-1831). In 1829, he went to Paris where he studied engraving and worked in the studios of the painter Paulin Guérin, who was also originally from Toulon.

After completing his studies, he returned home and, in 1833, became a member of the Académie du Var, a group that promotes the arts and sciences in that region and can boast of many prominent members. Three years later, he was back in Paris with his first exhibition at the Salon, where he continued to exhibit, winning a Third Class Medal in 1838 for his watercolors and pastels.

In 1840, he began accepting students. He travelled to Naples in 1844. The following year, he turned more to oil painting and exhibited widely throughout France, notably in Lyon. In 1847, he visited Algeria and achieved a Gold Medal at the Salon in 1848 for his painting "Battle of the Romulus". This recognition was a major factor in his receiving a Professorship at the "École de la Marine de Toulon" in 1849. Three years later, he was awarded the Légion d’Honneur.

He was named Honorary Director of the Musée d'Art de Toulon in 1857 and, five years later, was admitted into the Félibrige (an Occitan cultural association) by its founder, Frédéric Mistral. The following year, at the age of 53, he married one of his students.

He continued to exhibit and travel widely for many years (including a trip to Egypt in 1866). He had his last showing at the Salon in 1883 and his last major exhibitions at Hyères and Aix-en-Provence in 1886. He died in the same house where he had been born. More

Hugo Ungewitter (1869 - c. 1944) 

Abyssinians Crossing the River, c. 1936

Oil on canvas

Germany, 1936

Dimensions: 100 x 150 cm

Private property

Hugo Ungewitter (1869-c. 1944). From 1887, Hugo Ungewitter visited the Royal Prussian Academy of Arts in Düsseldorf. He received commissions from the afore-mentioned Academy and the Court of Berlin. From 1906, he lived in Berlin and painted mainly battle scenes. In 1913, he was appointed professor at the Court of Berlin. His favorite subjects were nature and animal depictions, as well as military and hunting scenes, mostly in South America and Russia. More

Roy Allison (20th Century), in the manner of Adolf Schreyer (German, 1828-1899)

Arab tribesman on horseback halting at a river 

Oil on canvas

47.5 x 102cm (18 11/16 x 40 3/16in).

Private property

Enrico Maltese (1862–1920) 

 Woman in long black dress with cape at a well

Oil on canvas, relined

93.5 x 67 cm

Private property

Enrico Maltese (1862–1920). The Italian painter Enrico Maltese, born in the South of Sicily, went to Naples to study as a young man. After that he returned to his hometown Modica. The artist painted portraits, landscapes, townscapes and genre paintings. More

Samuel Colman (March 4, 1832 – March 26, 1920) 

AN ARAB ENCAMPMENT 

Oil on canvas

9 1/2 x 16 in

Private property

Samuel Colman (March 4, 1832 – March 26, 1920) was an American painter, interior designer, and writer, probably best remembered for his paintings of the Hudson River. Born in Portland, Maine, Colman moved to New York City with his family as a child. His father opened a bookstore, attracting a literate clientele that may have influenced Colman's artistic development. He is believed to have studied briefly under the Hudson River school painter Asher Durand, and he exhibited his first work at the National Academy of Design in 1850. By 1854 he had opened his own New York City studio. The following year he was elected an associate member of the National Academy, with full membership bestowed in 1862. More

C. Alberti (German 19th Century)

Arab street scenes 

Oil on canvas

55.5 x 46cm (21 7/8 x 18 1/8in)

Private property

Paul Cirou (French, 1869-1951)

Arab market scenes 

Oil on panel

35 x 60cm (13 3/4 x 23 5/8in)

Private property

Paul Cirou , born in Sainte-Mère-Église in 1869 , died in the same city in 1951 , was a French orientalist painter. He was a student at the School of Fine Arts in Dijon and then the Académie Julian in Paris .

He started at the Salon of French artists in 1898, with landscapes and portraits, including that of his father. He left to Algeria in 1907 for health reasons and moved there in 1912. He lived and worked there until 1936. Returning to Paris, he taught, with his wife, at his studio in the rue de la Tombe-Issoire . He exhibited his Algerian works successfully. He designed cartoons for large tapestries commissioned by the Manufacture des Gobelins, and the state.

After the death of his wife in 1950, he returned to his family to Sainte-Mère-Église. He died in 1951 before he could complete his project to execute frescoes of the theme of the Second World War. More

Paul Cirou (French, 1869-1951)

Arab market scenes 

Oil on panel

35 x 60cm (13 3/4 x 23 5/8in)

Private property

Paul Cirou (French, 1869-1951)

Arab market scenes 

Oil on panel

35 x 60cm (13 3/4 x 23 5/8in)

Private property

C. Alberti (German 19th Century)

Arab street scenes 

Oil on canvas

55.5 x 46cm (21 7/8 x 18 1/8in)

Private property

Nicaise de Keyser (26 August 1813, Zandvliet – 17 July 1887, Antwerp)

WEST AND EAST, c. 1854

OIL ON CANVAS

172 x 128 cm ; 67 5/8 by 50 3/8 in

Private collection

Nicaise de Keyser (26 August 1813, Zandvliet – 17 July 1887, Antwerp) was a Belgian painter of mainly historical paintings and portraits. H was one of the key figures in the Belgian Romantic-historical school of painting. He received his painting tuition at the Antwerp Academy of Fine Arts under Jozef Jacobs and Mattheus Ignatius van Bree. After 1835 he made many travels including to England and Scotland, Paris and Italy. He married the genre painter Isabella Telghuys on 6 October 1840. In 1846, he was elected to the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician.

When in 1855 the leading Belgian Romantic painter Gustave Wappers resigned as director of the Antwerp Academy, de Keyser succeeded him. As with the work of other Belgian history painters such as Edouard de Bièfve, Ernest Slingeneyer and Louis Gallait, there was particular appreciation for Nicaise de Keyser's history paintings in German-speaking Europe. De Keyser regularly travelled to Germany and in 1873 he was awarded the famous Prussian order "Pour le Mérite".

Despite his great success and fame throughout his lifetime, his work, like that of the other Belgian Romantic painters, was quickly forgotten in the 20th century. More

George-Henry Laporte, HANNOVER 1799 - 1873 LONDON,

CAMP IN THE DESERT 

Oil on canvas 

76 x 105.5 cm; 29 7/8 by 41 1/2 in

Private collection

George Henry Laporte (1799 - 1873), was an animal painter, exhibited sporting subjects at the Academy, British Institution, and Suffolk Street Gallery from 1818, and was a founding member of the Institute of Painters in Water-colours, where he showed representations of animals, hunting scenes, and military groups. Some of his works were engraved in the New Sporting Magazine. George Henry Laporte held the appointment of animal painter to the King of Hanover. He died suddenly at 13 Norfolk Square, London on 23 October 1873. More

Adrien Dauzats, (BORDEAUX 1804 - PARIS 1868)

MOSQUE OF CAIRO, 1840

OIL ON CANVAS

35 x 27 cm ; 13 3/4 by 10 6/8 in

Private collection

Adrien Dauzats, a French landscape and genre painter, was born at Bordeaux in 1804. He became a pupil of Michel-Julien Gué, and afterwards travelled in France, Spain, Egypt, and Palestine, for the purpose of making illustrations for Baron Taylor's 'Voyages pittoresques et romantiques de l'ancienne Prance,' 1820-63; ' Voyage pittoresque en Espagne, en Portugal, et sur la côte d'Afrique, de Tanger à Tetouan,' 1826-32; 'La Syrie, I'Egypte, la Palestine et la Judée,' 1835-39, and other books. He was a frequent exhibitor at the Salon of genre subjects and interiors of churches, and was also a lithographer. He died in Paris in 1868. More

Ernest Honnorat

CHESS PLAYERS, c. 1895

Oil on panel 

32 x 40.5 cm; 12 1/2 by 15 7/8 in

Private collection

Adolf Meckel von Hemsbach, BERLIN 1856 - 1893 BERLIN

BEDOUIN IN THE DESERT, c. 1891

Oil on canvas

181 x 266 cm; 71 104 1/4 by 3/4 in

Private collection

Adolf Meckel of Hemsbach (* 17th February 1856 in Berlin ; † 24. May 1893 ) was a German landscape and genre painter. After the early death of his father, he spent his childhood with the maternal grandparents in Saint Petersburg. He studied painting at the Karlsruhe Academy of Fine Arts in Hans Gude. From 1880 to 1881 he visited the Arab countries of Egypt , Palestine , the coast of the Dead Sea, in Jordan. Further journeys led him to the countries of the North African Maghreb . Among others, he visited St. Catherine's Monastery at the foot of Mount Sinai . Besides the tropical landscapes he created numerous orientale genre scenes. After his final return he was initially based in Karlsruhe, then moved in 1892 back into his own country.

Adolf Meckel von Hemsbach, (1856-1893)

The Sinai Saint Catherine's Monastery, c. 1892

Oil on canvas

Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Ghent, Belgium

Early 1881 he spent a week in the Sinai desert and came back numerous times after this first visit to The Orient. In often large monumental landscapes he combined the rough and inhospitable desert region with daily life elements, in 'The St Catherine Monastery in the Sinai' this is illustrated by the caravan in the foreground. This painting shows an almost awkward sense of realism, supported by the many details, the material effects and the unusual size. Von Meckel sent this ambitious painting to the Salon of Ghent in 1892, where the city bought it for the Museum of Fine Arts. More

Meckel regularly presented his work at the Royal Academy of Arts in Berlin exhibition, the Great Berlin Art Exhibition, as well as in Munich Glass Palace. He also exhibited in Dresden, Stuttgart and Vienna. In 1893, he took his own life. More

Francesco Longo Mancini (1880-1954)

Harem Scene, c. 1910

Mixed media with watercolor and gouache on wove paper

54 x 35.8 cm

Private collection

Francesco Longo Mancini (1880–1954) was an Italian painter of the early 20th century who was known for his paintings of nudes. He was born in Catania where he lived part of his life.

After studying at the Regio Istituto Tecnico in Catania, Mancini moved to Rome and studied at the Scuola Libera del Nudo under the guidance of Francesco Jacovacci and Filippo Prosperi. His painting ‘La Preghiera di Maometto’ was purchased by King Umberto di Savoia. He created his quite coherent artistic work especially in the first decades of the 20th century, in which he ignored mostly the various avant-garde movements. More

Francesco Longo Mancini,  (1880-1954)

Harem Scene, c. 1910

Detail

Fabio Fabbi, (Italian, 1861-1946)

In the harem 

Oil on canvas

90.5 x 141cm (35 5/8 x 55 1/2in)

Private collection

An excellent example of Fabio Fabbi's painting, combining the rich colour and detail of the interior with the sensuality of the exotic dancers. Harems, terraces and bazaars form the backdrop to many of the artist's most successful works. 

Fabio Fabbi was born in Bologna, Italy in 1861. As a young man, he enrolled at the Accademia Di Belle Arti in Florence and studied sculpture and painting in the 1880s, winning prizes in both categories. After his studies, he travelled to Paris, Munich, and Egypt, which was the inspiration for his Orientalist subjects. 

Upon his return to Italy, he dedicated himself solely to painting and was honoured with the distinction of professorship at the Accademia.

Fabbi's depictions of odalisques and bazaars which were well-received by the public, and his output was prolific. From 1884 onward, Fabbi regularly contributed to exhibitions in Turin, Milan and Florence. More

Paul Joanovitch, (Austrian, 1859-1957)

The falconer 

Watercolour

60 x 40cm (23 5/8 x 15 3/4in)

Private collection

Paul Joanovitch, (Austrian, 1859-1957) was born in Vršac, (then part of the Austrian Empire, now modern day Serbia) in June 1859. Aged 15, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna under the tutelage of Christian Griepenkerl (1839-1912). It was there that Joanovitch also studied with Leopold Carl Müller (1834-1892).

Initially Joanovitch concentrated on depicting the life and customs of the indigenous people of the Balkans and in 1882 he was awarded the first prize at the academy and an Imperial scholarship for his series of paintings The Wounded Montenegrin.

In 1893 Joanovitch signed a contract with The French Gallery in London to produce a series of works depicting Balkan life; he was also elected a member of the Serbian Academy in the same year, but continued to travel extensively throughout the Caucasus, Greece, Egypt, Turkey, Italy and Spain. 

By the early 1900s he turned almost exclusively to painting portraits enjoying considerable success with wealthy Viennese patrons. He remained in Vienna for the vast majority of the rest of his working life and died in 1957. More

Alexander Mann, (British, 1853-1908)

Desert travellers 

Oil on canvas

53.5 x 86.5cm (21 1/16 x 34 1/16in)

Private collection

Alexander Mann (22 January 1853 – 26 January 1908) was a Scottish landscape and genre painter. He was a member of New English Art Club and Royal Institute of Oil Painters. Alexander Mann took drawing lessons from the age of ten with Robert Greenlees (1820–94) and then attended evening classes at the Glasgow School of Art, where Greenlees was headmaster.

In 1877 he went to Paris and enrolled at the Académie Julian, and then studied under Mihály Munkácsy and from 1881 to 1885 under Carolus-Duran. From 1883-93 Mann exhibited in London at the Royal Academy, Royal Institute of Oil Painters, Fine Art Society, New Gallery, Ridley Art Club, New English Art Club and Society of British Artists, a society that appointed James McNeill Whistler its President in 1886. At the same year he was invited to become the first Scottish member of the New English Art Club and was joined by several of his friends, notably John Lavery, Thomas Millie Dow of the Glasgow Boys and Norman Garstin.

Mann settled in England, at West Hagbourne, Berkshire, and later in the neighboring village of Blewbury, where he painted a series of views of the Downs and portraits of country people. Mann traveled extensively in Britain, paying several visits to the coast in Angus and Fife, and to Walberswick, Suffolk.

His travels also covered Europe and the Americas. A visit to Venice in 1884 was Alexander's first artistic venture beyond Britain and the immediate environs of Paris; this was followed by a voyage to the Caribbean and the Southern States of America. From 1890 to 1892 he lived with his family in Tangiers. Later he travelled to Madrid through Southern Spain in 1892 accompanied by John Lavery, another alumnus of the Académie Julian.

He recorded his visits and ideas for studio compositions in sketchbooks, using photography as well to assist his memory of a subject. In 1895 Mann’s work was exhibited in London at the Barbican and in Dublin at the Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery of Modern Art. But he preferred to "live away from the haunts of other artists" because the relative prosperity which he owed to his family made it unnecessary to pay much attention to exhibition institutions, patrons and dealers.

In 1893 he was elected a member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters. Today he is regarded as one of the Glasgow Boys although he was never an active member. More

Sir William Russell Flint, RA, PRWS, (British, 1880-1969)

The Paid Dancer 

Watercolour

35.5 x 51.5cm (14 x 20 1/4in)

Private collection

Sir William Russell Flint (4 April 1880 – 30 December 1969) was a Scottish artist and illustrator who was known especially for his watercolour paintings of women. He also worked in oils, tempera, and printmaking. He was born in Edinburgh then educated at Daniel Stewart's College and Edinburgh Institution. From 1894 to 1900 Flint apprenticed as a lithographic draughtsman while taking classes at the Royal Institute of Art, Edinburgh. From 1900 to 1902 he worked as a medical illustrator in London while studying part-time at Heatherley's Art School. He furthered his art education by studying independently at the British Museum. 

Flint was elected president of Britain’s Royal Society of Painters in Watercolours (now the Royal Watercolour Society) in 1936 to 1956, and knighted in 1947. More

Raphael von Ambros, (Austrian, 1855-1895)

A street vendor 

Oil on panel

38.5 x 47cm (15 3/16 x 18 1/2in)

Private collection

Born in Prague, Raphael von Ambros was a pupil of Hans Makart (1840-1884) at the famous Vienna Academy, where he would have studied alongside an extraordinary generation of Orientalist painters such as Jean Discart (French, 1856-1944), Ludwig Deutsch (1855-1935) and Rudolf Ernst (1854-1932). Like his contemporaries, Ambros found the perfect audience for his Cairo street scenes at the Paris Salon, where he exhibited from 1887. More

Konstantin Makovski
The Handing Over Of The Sacred Carpet In Cairo
Oil on Canvas
214 x 315 cm
Private collection

Every year at the expense of the Sultan a fine carpet or huge fabric for festooning the Kaaba at Mecca is made in this city, and we are now viewing the procession which is bearing it from the citadel to the mosque of the Hasanên, where the pieces will be sewed together and lined, in readiness for the departure of the pilgrims. More

Konstantin Yegorovich Makovsky (June 20 1839 —September 17 1915) was an influential Russian painter, affiliated with the "Peredvizhniki (Wanderers)". Many of his historical paintings, such as The Russian Bride's Attire (1889), showed an idealized view of Russian life of prior centuries. He is often considered a representative of a Salon art.

KKonstantin Makovsky was born in Moscow. His father was the Russian art figure and amateur painter, Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky. His mother was a composer, and she hoped her son would one day follow in her footsteps. His younger brothers Vladimir and Nikolay and his sister Alexandra also went on to become painters.

In 1851 Makovsky entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture where he became the top student, easily getting all the available awards. Makovsky's inclinations to Romanticism and decorative effects can be explained by the influence of Bryullov.

Although art was his passion, he also considered what his mother had wanted him to do. He set off to look for composers he could refer to, and first went to France. Before, he had always been a classical music lover, and listened to many pieces. He often wished he could change the tune, or style of some of them to make them more enjoyable. 

In 1858 Makovsky entered the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg. From 1860 he participated in the Academy's exhibitions with paintings such as Curing of the Blind (1860) and Agents of the False Dmitry kill the son of Boris Godunov (1862). In 1863 Makovsky and thirteen other students held a protest against the Academy's setting of topics from Scandinavian mythology in the competition for the Large Gold Medal of Academia; all left the academy without a formal diploma.

A significant change in his style occurred after traveling to Egypt and Serbia in the mid-1870s. His interests changed from social and psychological problems to the artistic problems of colors and shape.

In the 1880s he became a fashioned author of portraits and historical paintings. At the World's Fair of 1889 in Paris he received the Large Gold Medal for his paintings Death of Ivan the Terrible, The Judgement of Paris, and Demon and Tamara. He was was killed in 1915 when his horse-drawn carriage was hit by an electric tram in Saint Petersburg. More

Ferencz-Franz Eisenhut, 1857 - 1903

A CARAVAN OUTSIDE OF A MOSQUE 

oil on panel

15 1/2 by 23 3/4 in., 39.4 by 60.3 cm
Private collection

Franz Eisenhut (Hungarian: Eisenhut Ferencz; Serbian: Франц Ајзенхут; 25 January 1857 – 2 June 1903) was a prominent Danube Swabian Realist and Orientalist painter. He is considered one of Austria-Hungary's greatest academic painters in the second half of the 19th century. His most famous and recognizable paintings include Death of Gül Baba, Battle of Zenta, Slave trade and Cock fighting and many other, depicting mostly motifs from the Orient. His works can be found in many European museums across the continent.

Franz Eisenhut was born in Nova Palanka, Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, Austrian Empire (today's Serbia) in a German family. His father, Georg Eisenhut was from Palanka, and his mother Theresia Sommer was from Bukin.

Ferencz-Franz Eisenhut, 1857 - 1903

Before the Verdict, c. 1890

Oil on Canvas

160 x 324 cm

Private collection

His father had hoped for Franz to become a merchant, but the Hungarian painter Telepy Károly discovered his talent for painting. Influential citizens of Palanka at the time, led by lawyer Karl Mezey and pharmacist Karlo Harliković, collected money for his studies. He studied at Hungarian Royal Drawing School in Budapest from 1875 until 1877. Afterwards, he became a student of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. He studied there until 1883 in class of Gyula Benczúr, the Hungarian painter.

Ferencz Franz Eisenhut (1857-1903).

The Healing through the Qu’ran, c. 1886

Oil on canvas

59,1x43,8 cm

Private collection

After finishing the Academy, he went on a trip to the Orient for the first time, visiting the Caucasus. The next year, he held his first exhibition in Budapest. The Orient became his main source of inspiration and Orientalist paintings will become his most famous works. In 1883 and 1884, he went to the Caucasus once again, visiting Tbilisi and Baku. In 1886 and 1887, he traveled from Naples to Tunisia and Algeria. His first great success was the 1886 painting "Healing through the Koran in Beirut" (above).

Ferenc Eisenhut (1857–1903)
Gül Baba's Death, c. 1886
[The painting is currently adorns the Hungarian Embassy in Ankara residence

Gül Baba (* end of the 15th century in Merzifon , Amasya Province ; † 1. September 1541 ) was a Turkish Bektashi - dervish and poet of the 16th century. He is in the Muslim faith as a saint revered and his mausoleum in Budapest is considered the northernmost pilgrimage of Islam. More

Ferencz Franz Eisenhut (Hungarian, 1857–1903)
The death of Gül Baba , 1886
Oil on Cardboard
58 x 76 cm. (22.8 x 29.9 in.)
Private collection

Many of his paintings were reproduced by woodcutting workshops across Europe, because, as his friend Lyka Karoly claimed, "his paintings showed the authentic Orient". Another famous painting made at the time was Death of Gül Baba (above), for which he won the State Gold Medal in Budapest. Afterwards, he had exhibitions in Munich, Paris and Madrid. In 1894, he painted the interior of New York Palace in Budapest.

Franz Eisenhut's most famous work is the painting "Battle of Zenta" (below), made in 1896 for the Hungarian Millennium Exhibition, celebrating 1000 years since the Hungarian settlement in the Great Hungarian Plain. The painting was ordered by the Bács-Bodrog County and is still exhibited in Sombor City Hall, as Sombor was the county seat at the time. This painting, with dimensions of 7x4 meters, is the largest oil painting in the Balkans today. More

Ferencz-Franz Eisenhut, 1857 - 1903
The Battle of Zenta (1896)
Oil on canvas
 7 meters wide and 4 meters high 
Sombor City Hall,

Ferencz-Franz Eisenhut, 1857 - 1903
The Battle of Zenta (1896)
Detail


Climent Pujol Gustavino, 1840 - 1915
VISITING THE SCRIBE
Ooil on panel
36 1/4 by 28 in, 92 by 71.1 cm
Private collection

Climent or Clément Pujol de Guastavino (Olesa de Montserrat, Circa 1850 - Paris, active in 1910) was born in Barcelona Olesa de Montserrat. He traveled to Barcelona to carry out his studies at the School of Fine Arts, where he became disciple of Antonio Caba.

He became known at the Barcelona Fine Arts Exhibition 1871 due to his pen drawing in 1872, in 1873 his work, A winter afternoon on the promenade of San Juan and Cloister of the Cathedral. 

In 1876 Climent decides to head to Paris, where he joined the workshop of landscape painter Nicolas Louis Cabat (1812-1893). He later joined with Jean Leon Gerome (1824 -1904) adopting the Orientalist style. In 1876 he presented at the Paris Show, and the Barcelonesa interior Clunny museum.

From Paris continues to send his paintings to the Barcelona exhibition of Sala Parés, 1884, and the Universal Exposicon,1888.  In 1887, Josep Rubaudonadeu donated to the Institute of Education a portrait of Juan Matas Hortal painted by Pujol.

He continued exhibiting at the Parisian salons, in 1888 with "Prière au mosquée", and at the Salon of 1889  "Depart pour la chasse". At the Universal Exhibition of that year he was awarded an honorable mention for his Orientalist painting "Moorish Dance".

In 1892 he shared a studio with Antoni Costa i Fabrés in Paris.

He exhibited his works in 1897 at the Exhibition of Tunis, where he obtained a medal of first class. One of his last appearances was in 1908 at the International Exhibition of 1908 in Montecarlo with painting, Cadeaux au Caïd Les. More

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others

Acknowledgement: Sothebey's, Bonhams, 

20 Paintings by 19th Century Swiss, German and French Orientalist Artists, with foot notes #6

Philippe-Jacques van Bree, ANTWERP 1786 - 1871 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SCHOOL

PHILIPPE-JACQUES VAN BREE; GIOVANNI BELLINI IN MAHOMET II'S COURT

Oil heightened with gold on panel 

58.5 x 73.5 cm; 23 by 29 3/4 in

Private collection

Sultan Mohammed II, famous conqueror who besieged and captured Constantinople in 1453, was an avid collector of works of art. He brought the famous Venetian painter Gentile Bellini (circa 1429-1507) in Constantinople, on the occasion of the peace agreements signed between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire in 1479. On that occasion, the famous Bellini executed portrait Mahomet II, now preserved in the National Gallery in London. More, (See below)

Philippe-Jacques van Bree (1786 - 1871), scholar of his brother Mattheas, was born at Antwerp in 1786. He studied at Antwerp, in Paris (where he became a scholar of Girodet), and at Rome; and also visited Germany and England. He employed himself on historical, fancy, and architectural subjects. Of the last, the Belgian Government purchased his 'View of the Interior of the Church of St. Peter at Rome,' and presented him with a gold medal in addition to the price. He was made conservator of the Museum at Brussels, where he died in 1871. More on Philippe-Jacques van Bree

Gentile Bellini (1429–1507) 

The Portrait of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror by İtalian painter Gentile Bellini, c. 1480.

Oil on canvas

Height: 69.9 cm (27.5 in). Width: 52.1 cm (20.5 in).

National Gallery 

The attribution to Bellini is not proved, but the sitter is reasonably identified as Mehmet II (1432 - 1481). Gentile Bellini visited his court in Constantinople. There is insufficient evidence for deciding whether the picture is a copy or a very damaged original."

Mehmed II, byname Fatih Sultan Mehmed (Turkish: Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror), (born March 30, 1432, Adrianople, Thrace, Ottoman Empire—died May 3, 1481, Hunkârçayırı, near Maltepe, near Constantinople), Ottoman sultan from 1444 to 1446 and from 1451 to 1481. A great military leader, he captured Constantinople and conquered the territories in Anatolia and the Balkans that constituted the Ottoman Empire’s heartland for the next four centuries. More on Mehmed II

Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430 – 26 November 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venetian painters. His father was Jacopo Bellini, his brother was Gentile Bellini (who was more highly regarded than Giovanni during his lifetime, although the reverse is true today), and his brother-in-law was Andrea Mantegna. He was considered to have revolutionized Venetian painting, moving it towards a more sensuous and colouristic style. Through the use of clear, slow-drying oil paints, Giovanni created deep, rich tints and detailed shadings. His sumptuous coloring and fluent, atmospheric landscapes had a great effect on the Venetian painting school, especially on his pupils Giorgione and Titian. More on Giovanni Bellini

Jean-Baptiste Henri Durand-Brager

FRENCH SCHOOL OF NINETEENTH CENTURY

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN A COURTYARD

Watercolour on paper 

48 x 39.5 cm; 18 7/8 by 15 1/2 in

Private collection

Art historian Marion Vidal-Bue was born and lived in Algiers until its independence. She comes from a family of builders established in the country in 1832. She has written books on painters of Algeria, especially to witness the artistic importance and influence of her native country at the time of the French presence. 

She participated in the artistic illustration of the works of the Scientific Exploration of Algeria, published in 1844-1867, commissioned by the Minister of War in 1837. These watercolours form a rare and interesting set which shows scenes of life in Algiers 1830-1840 years; in the early days of the arrival of the French in Algeria. 

Jean-Baptiste Henri Durand-Brager

WOMEN IN AN INTERIOR WITH NURSE CONCERNED FOR A BABY 

Watercolour on paper 

48 x 39.5 cm; 18 7/8 by 15 1/2 in

Private collection

Jean-Baptiste Henri Durand-Brager (1814–1879) was a French painter, noted for his marine scenes and Orientalist works.

Durand-Brager, a French marine painter, was born at Dol in Brittany in 1814. He studied under Gudin and Eugène Isabey.

He was a naval officer who rose to the rank of captain. In 1840, he accompanied the fleet which repatriated Napoleon's remains from St. Helena, which island afforded him subjects for various pictures. He spent much of his time in travelling; he went to Buenos Aires with the squadron, Montevideo in 1841–42 aboard a French warship, and explored Uruguay and Brazil; he accompanied the expeditions to Tangiers and Mogador, and to Madagascar. He painted views of the places he visited, and also naval combats and sea-pieces. He died in 1879.

In the 1850s, he was in the Crimea during the war with Russia, where he turned his hand to photography as well as painting. He was one of about fifteen photographers, including Felice Beato, Roger Fenton and James Robertson, who photographed soldiers, barracks, camp life and battlefields and were the first to record a major war on film. Later, he returned to Constantinople where he made photographs of the landscape, monuments and the people.

He was a versatile painter, producing naval scenes, genre works, costumbrismo works, landscapes and works with Orientalist themes. There are several of his works in the galleries of Versailles. More on Jean-Baptiste Henri Durand-Brager

FRENCH SCHOOL OF NINETEENTH CENTURY

SCENE IN A CAFE

Watercolour on paper 

48 x 39.5 cm; 18 7/8 by 15 1/2 in

Private collection

FRENCH SCHOOL OF NINETEENTH CENTURY

DANCER AND MUSICIANS

Watercolour on paper 

48 x 39.5 cm; 18 7/8 by 15 1/2 in

Private collection

FRENCH SCHOOL OF NINETEENTH CENTURY

RECEPTION BY NIGHT IN A PALACE

Watercolour on paper 

48 x 39.5 cm; 18 7/8 by 15 1/2 in

Private collection

FRENCH SCHOOL OF NINETEENTH CENTURY 

MUSICIANS AND AFRICAN DANCERS IN THE COURTYARD OF A PALACE

Watercolor on paper 

48 x 39.5 cm; 18 7/8 by 15 1/2 in

Private collection

19th-century French School

ACROBATS, Signed lower right Durand

Watercolour on paper 

25.5 x 40 cm; 10 by 15 3/4 in

Private collection

Artwork produced in 19th-century France that reflects the teachings of the École des Beaux-Arts, the Parisian state-sponsored art academy. Prioritizing draftsmanship over painting, the school taught students to employ fine line work and soft, blended shading in their drawings. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres’s drawings, such as his portrait of Mrs. Charles Badham, epitomize the Academic style, which is characterized by close attention to detail, near-invisible brushstrokes, and an emphasis on realistic modeling and shading. Academic painters often depicted scenes from history, literature, the Bible, or classical mythology, although this style can also be seen in pastoral scenes. Many of the French Impressionist painters were trained in the Academic style, though they later rejected it in favor of their trademark loose, expressive brushwork and scenes of modern life. More on 19th-century French School

Jean-Leon Gerome

VESOUL 1824 - 1904 PARIS

STUDY FOR A MOORISH BATH, TURKISH WOMAN IN BATH 

Oil on canvas 

50.5 x 40.5 cm; 20 by 16 in

Private collection

This study is a preparatory sketch for the large painting (81,5 x 65,5cm) A Moorish bath, Turkish woman bathing, painted in the 1870s and kept in a private collection (See Below). There are some other known preparatory studies: a drawing of the same composition and the same dimensions as our sketch and two oil sketches, larger format than the one presented here.

For Gérôme, a good academician, the creative process was primarily intellectual. He reflected on a conception of the final composition, which he then seized on an initial study that was the basis for the further work. This  is probably the first study of a Turkish bath, a Turkish woman bathing, which explains its freshness and spontaneity.
Gérôme worked hard on the silhouette and the attitude of the nude bather.

In all known studies to a Turkish bath, a Turkish woman bathing, the African servant is outlined. It is only in the finished work that the face appears clearly. 

Gérôme tried to create an intense psychological relationship between bather's surprise at a specific time of her dress, and her maid; he is leaning over the basin, hands resting on the edge, tense, waiting impatiently for the moment when she will feel, just out of the bath, the delicious sensation of cold foam soap.

Studies and sketches of Gerome oils were often completed by other painters, to make them more commercial. Our sketch was lucky to escape the retouching and remain intact, unaltered and entirely Gérôme's hand. More on this painting

Jean-Léon Gérôme (11 May 1824 – 10 January 1904) was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as Academicism. The range of his oeuvre included historical painting, Greek mythology, Orientalism, portraits and other subjects, bringing the Academic painting tradition to an artistic climax. He is considered one of the most important painters from this academic period, and in addition to being a painter, he was also a teacher with a long list of students. More on Jean-Léon Gérôme

Jean-Leon Gerome

VESOUL 1824 - 1904 PARIS

A MOORISH BATH, TURKISH WOMAN IN BATH, 1885

The final painting

Private collection

Frederik-Jan-Pieter Portielje, AMSTERDAM 1829 - 1895 ANTWERP, DUTCH SCHOOL

YOUNG LADY WEARING A MIDDLE-EASTERN COSTUME

Oil on panel 

59 x 48 cm; 23 1/4 by 18 7/8 in

Private collection

Jan Frederik Pieter Portielje (Amsterdam, 1829 - 1908) was a Dutch-Belgian painter. He was the tenth child by Gerrit Portielje, bookseller and publisher in Amsterdam, and Jacoba Zeegers. He studied at the Academy of Amsterdam from 1842 to 1849 with, among others, Valentine Bing and Jan von Braet Uberfeldt. Between 1851 and 1853 he stayed several times for extended periods of time in Paris, possibly during the summer months when the Academy was closed due to holidays. He also worked as a portraitist and as such had a growing clientele in Brussels and Antwerp.

His oeuvre includes portraits, scenes of elegant ladies in gardens, parks, or luxurious interiors. The interiors are either heavy or elegant neo-Baroque Napoleon III. He painted Western and Southern or Oriental women, often adorned with jewels. His painting are realistic, with an eye for detail and texture, intended as an elegant genre painting without much depth.

On some paintings he collaborated with another artist. There are paintings known, together with Frans Lebret (1820-1909) and Eugène Remy Maes (1849-1931).

After his studies Portielje remained in Antwerp. He married there in 1853. More on Jan Frederik Pieter Portielje

Emile Régnault de Maulmain

LONS-LE-SAUNIER 1836 - 1897 NEVY-SUR-SEILLE

MARKET SCENE IN A STREET

Oil on canvas 

55.5 x 40.8 cm; 21 7/8 by 16 in

Private collection

Emile Regnault de Maulmain

LONS-LE-SAUNIER 1836 - 1897 NEVY-SUR-SEILLE

THE REST IN THE OASIS

Oil on canvas 

47 x 73 cm; 18 1/2 by 28 3/4 in

Private collection

Maulmain Emile Regnault, 1836-1897, French school. Maulmain was a pupil of Miss Lamotte Lobrichon and Alberto Pasini. He exhibited at the Salon from 1863 until 1882, especially scenes of Algeria.

Georges Washington

MARSEILLE 1827 - 1910 PARIS

BATTLE SCENE;

Signed lower left G. Washington

Oil on canvas 

46 x 55 cm; 18 1/8 by 21 2/3 in

Private collection

George Washington, born 15 September 1827 in Marseille and died November 19, 1901 in Douarnenez, was a French Orientalist painter. Like most aspiring artists, the young Georges Washington moved to Paris, where he trained at the Ecole des Beaux Arts under François-Edouard Picot (1786-1868). The artist’s exotic style was also indebted to Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863). Washington’s art conveys a similar feeling to the work of Eugène Fromentin (1820-76) who often painted naturalistic Middle Eastern scenes of rural and nomadic life. Washington’s love of the Middle East and its customs was further enhanced and encouraged by his father-in-law, the military and Orientalist painter Henri-Félix-Emmanuel Philippoteaux (1815-1884), whose daughter Anne-Léonie Philippoteaux married Washington in Paris on 6th August 1859.

Not long after finishing his training at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Washington embarked on the first of a number of trips to Algeria and based on close observation of its inhabitants, their dress and customs in 1857 he made his Paris debut at the Salon des Artistes Français with a view of nomads titled Plaine du Hoiina (Sahara Algérien). From then up until 1901 Washington continued to be a popular exhibitor at the Salon; one of his first works shown there to gain critical acclaim was Nomades dans le Sahara en Hiver. In addition to Paris, Washington also showed his work in Moscow in 1881 and was later posthumously honoured when four of his paintings were included in the Exposition Coloniale de Marseille in 1906.

Following two commissions from a Belgian company, he travelled to Morocco and then subsequently visited Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey, which were to inspire his varied subjects including battle scenes and cavalry skirmishes. His travels also took him to America for the unveiling in Philadelphia of a cyclorama (a monumental 360° panoramic view) of the Battle of Gettysburg by his brother-in-law Paul-Dominique Philippoteaux (1846-1923).

Following the death of his wife he retired to live with his daughter and son-in-law at Douarnenez on the Brittany coast, where he died shortly after on 19th November 1901. More George Washington

Henri Rousseau, CAIRO 1875 - 1933 AIX EN PROVENCE

THE FANTASIA OF NEMENCHAS, ALGERIA 

Oil on canvas 

65 x 92 cm; 25 5/8 by 36 1/4 in

Private collection

Rousseau creates a  fantasy he chooses to place on the plateau of Nemenchas, Algeria. The tight framing on the group of riders launched in full immerses the viewer in the scene. The proximity thus created communicates a feeling of intense movement. The determination and pride of the riders and their horses, some of which rear up in a frenzy, is beautifully rendered in vibrant color buttons.

Henri Rousseau Henry, Emilien Rousseau (Cairo 1875 - Aix-en-Provence in 1933) is an Orientalist painter. A pupil of Jean-Léon Gérôme at the Beaux Arts in Paris, he won the second Grand Prix de Rome in 1900 and a travel grant at the Salon of French Artists. He traveled to Belgium, the Netherlands, North Africa, Spain and Italy where he admired the great masters (Rubens, Rembrandt, Velasquez, Murillo, the Titian, Raphael etc ...)

After this initiatory journey, he settled in Versailles and set up his studio at the Villa des Arts in Paris. In 1919 he moved to Aix in Provence with his large family (seven children). Knight of the Legion of Honour in arts. His work  is dedicated to Tunisia, Algeria and especially Morocco, Provence and the Camargue remained its anchor points. His success was with a bourgeois and wealthy clientele, where he sold his work at numerous exhibitions in Paris, Brussels, Stockholm, Marseilles. More on Henri Rousseau

Jules-Pierre van Biesbroeck, PORTICI 1873 - 1965 BRUXELLES, ECOLE BELGE

WOMAN CARRYING AN AMPHORA

Oil on panel 

58 x 32.4 cm; 22 4/5 by 12 1/4 in

Private collection

Jules Pierre van Biesbroeck was born in Italy in 1873.  His father was the Belgian painter Jules Evariste van Biesbroeck and like many artists of his time, he was working in Italy when his son Jules was born.  The child was two years old when the family returned to Ghent.

After a short period of practice with his father, van Biesbroeck was enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts in Ghent.  He was a child prodigy and sold his first painting at the age of 14 during the Triennale Ghent Exhibition.  In 1888, when he was 15 years old, he made his debut at the Salon des Champs-Elysées in Paris with a monumental canvas which stood out because of his nude models.  The canvas scandalized the censors and the young artist was asked to cover his figures with drapery before the painting could be exhibited.  The jury gave Van Biesbroeck an honorable mention on the recommendation of William Bouguereau.  Van Biesbroeck won fame in sculpture as well as paintings and was rewarded with many commissions for the city of Ghent.

When German troops invaded Belgium during World War I, Van Biesbroeck went to Bordighera in Italy where he continued to paint and sculpt.  In 1926 he made a trip to North Africa, then in 1927, he visited Algeria.  The light and atmosphere of Maghreb caused him to change his palette and employ lighter colors and represent orientalist subjects, particularly the inhabitants of Bou-Saada.  Algiers had such an influence on the artist, that he lived there for nine years.  In 1938 he returned to Ghent, and continued to paint orientalist works.  Portrait of a Blind Arab dates from Van Biesbroeck’s early period in Algeria. More on Jules Pierre van Biesbroeck

Attributed to George Derville Rowlandson, 1861 - 1928, ENGLISH SCHOOL

CAVALIERS COMING OUT OF A FORTIFIED GATE, c. 1888

Oil on canvas 

83.5 x 61 cm; 32 7/8 by 24 in

Private collection

George Derville Rowlandson (1861–1928) was a British painter. He is best known for his equestrian portraits. Some of his work can be found at the Museum of Polo and Hall of Fame in Lake Worth, Florida.

Rowlandson was born in India in 1861 and studied art at Gloucester Art School, Westminster and Paris. He exhibited at the Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolour between 1911 and 1918 from 22 Priory Road, Bedford Park, London. He contributed illustrations to The Illustrated London News and the English llustrated Magazine, his work being mostly military or equestrian subjects, and a number of hunting scenes. More on George Derville Rowlandson

Emmanuel Dieudonné GENEVA 1845 - 1889, SWISS SCHOOL OF NINETEENTH CENTURY

THE SLAVE MERCHANT

Oil on canvas, unframed 

42 x 61 cm; 16 1/2 by 24 in

Private collection

This is a preparatory sketch for the large painting, signed lower left E. DIEUDONNE, kept at the National Federation of André Maginot, Paris. A pupil of Cabanel, Emmanuel Dieudonné exhibited at the Salon from 1876. He made ​​many Orientalists compositions. 

His later travels to the Middle East, notably to Turkey, inspired a renewed interest in Orientalist subjects, including portraits. Among the portraits he painted was that of the Turkish Orientalist painter Osman Hamdy Bey

Karl Wilhelm Gentz- NEURUPPIN 1822 - 1890 BERLIN, ÉCOLE ALLEMANDE

NUBIAN HUNTERS

Oil on canvas 

166 x 139 cm; 65 1/3 by 54 3/4 in

Private collection

Nubian hunters and warriors excelled as archers, and their weapon became a symbol for Nubia. “Land of the Bow” is the meaning of Ta-Seti, an ancient Egyptian term used to denote Nubia for thousands of years in antiquity.

Hunters using bows and arrows appear in Nubian rock art as early as the Neolithic period and hunting provided subsistence for Nubians throughout much of their history. Some of Nubia’s most important trade products, like animal skins and ivory, came from the hunt. More on Nubian hunters

Karl Wilhelm Gentz ​​(1822 - 1890) was a German painter. The second child of Johann Christian Gentz. Initially enrolled at Berlin's Friedrich Wilhelm University, he decided at age 21 to study painting. He attended the prestigious Atelier Kloeber and studied in 1845 for nine months at the Antwerp Academy of Fine Arts. He entered the school Atelier Paul Delaroche, which was then under the direction of Charles Gleyre. In 1847 he traveled to Spain and Morocco Returning to Paris, he painted The Prodigal Son in the desert, a life-size figure. In 1850 he went to Marseille and Malta, then Egypt and the Sinai; on his way back he traveled over Asia Minor, the Greek archipelago, Constantinople and Vienna.

In 1852, while living temporarily in Berlin, his first paintings of  oriental life emerged: "Slave Market" and "Egyptian School".  Not satisfied, Gentz returned to Paris and joined the studio of Thomas Couture. There painted two religious images with life-size figures, Christ and Magdalene and Simon and Chris.

In 1858, again in Berlin, he created a long series of Oriental Paintings, mostly Egyptian, for the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts. The oeuvre of the artist are very large; sometimes the figures are primarily, the character of the land and people are sharply defined. More on Karl Wilhelm Gentz

Please visit my other blogs: Art Collector, Mythology, Marine Art, Portrait of a Lady, The Orientalist, Art of the Nude and The Canals of Venice, Middle East Artists, 365 Saints and 365 Days, also visit my Boards on Pinterest

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