01 Orientalist Painting, Adolf Schreyer's The advance, with footnotes, #112

Adolf Schreyer (GERMAN, 1828-1899)

The advance

Oil on canvas

81.5 x 65cm (32 1/16 x 25 9/16in)

Private collection

Adolf Schreyer (July 9, 1828 Frankfurt-am-Main – July 29, 1899 Kronberg im Taunus) was a German painter, associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. He studied art, first at the Städel Institute in his native town, and then at Stuttgart and Munich. He painted many of his favourite subjects in his travels in the East. He first accompanied Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis through Hungary, Wallachia, Russia and Turkey; then, in 1854, he followed the Austrian army across the Wallachian frontier. In 1856 he went to Egypt and Syria, and in 1861 to Algiers. In 1862 he settled in Paris, but returned to Germany in 1870; and settled at Cronberg near Frankfurt, where he died.

Schreyer was, and is still, especially esteemed as a painter of horses, of peasant life in Wallachia and Moldavia, and of battle incidents. His work is remarkable for its excellent equine draughtsmanship, and for the artist's power of observation and forceful statement; and has found particular favour among French and American collectors. Of his battle-pictures there are two at the Schwerin Gallery, and others in the collection of Count Mensdorff-Pouilly and in the Raven Gallery, Berlin.  More on Adolf Schreyer

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01 Orientalist Painting, Narcisse Berchère's Horseman at the camp, with footnotes, #110

Narcisse Berchère, (Etampes 1819- Asnières 1891)

Horseman at the camp

Oil on panel a non-parquet board

14 x 10 cm

Private collection

Narcisse Berchère (11 September 1819, Étampes - 20 September 1891, Asnières-sur-Seine was a French painter and engraver; best known for his Orientalist works.

His initial studies were at the École des Beaux-Arts de Paris, with Charles-Caïus Renoux [fr]. Later, he worked in the studios of Jean-Charles-Joseph Rémond.

He spent much of his working life in Paris; making extended trips to Provence and Spain, and specializing in landscapes. He visited Egypt, Asia Minor and the Greek archipelago from 1849 to 1850 and sent his first paintings to the Salon from Greece.

In 1856, he returned to Egypt and crossed the Sinai desert with his friend, the painter Léon Belly. They were then joined by Jean-Léon Gérôme and Auguste Bartholdi; setting out on an expedition up the Nile Valley that October.

Four years later, Ferdinand de Lesseps entrusted him to create a series of paintings, tracing the different stages in the excavation of the Suez Canal. During this project he maintined a detailed correspondence with Eugène Fromentin. Their letters were published in 1863. He was invited to attend the inaugural ceremonies at the Canal in 1869.

After many years of travelling throughout North Africa and the Middle East, he settled in Asnières-sur-Seine. Many of his sketches and paintings are preserved at the Musée municipal d'Étampes [fr], in Essonne. More on Narcisse Berchère

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01 Orientalist Painting, Henri Adrien Tanoux's Tambourine odalisque, with footnotes, #109

Henri Adrien Tanoux, (Marseille 1865 - Paris 1923)

Tambourine odalisque, c. 1914

Oil on original canvas

46 x 55.5 cm

Private collection

An odalisque was a chambermaid or a female attendant in a Turkish seraglio, particularly the court ladies in the household of the Ottoman sultan. In western usage, the term came to mean the harem concubine, and refers to the eroticized artistic genre in which a woman is represented mostly or completely nude in a reclining position, often in the setting of a harem. More on An odalisque

Henri Adrien Tanoux ( Marseille , 18 October as as 1865 - Paris , 1923 ) was a French painter. He dedicated himself to landscapes , nudes and oriental scenes .

He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris where he was a pupil of Léon Bonnat . He exhibited his works regularly at the Paris Salon and received an honorable mention at the Universal Exhibition in Paris in 1889. More on Henri Adrien Tanoux 

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01 Orientalist Painting, Henri-Léopold Lévy's Phoenix, with footnotes, #108

Henri-Léopold Lévy, French, 1840-1904

Le phoenix

Oil on canvas 

28 ⅞ by 17 ½ in.; 73.3 by 44.5 cm

Private collection

In Ancient Greek folklore, a phoenix is a long-lived bird that cyclically regenerates or is otherwise born again. Associated with the sun, a phoenix obtains new life by arising from the ashes of its predecessor. Some legends say it dies in a show of flames and combustion, others that it simply dies and decomposes before being born again. Most accounts say that it lived for 500 years before rebirth. More on the Phoenix

Henri-Léopold Lévy (23 September 1840, Nancy - 29 December 1904, Paris) was a French painter of Jewish ancestry, known primarily for mythological and Biblical subjects.

His artistic education began at the École des beaux-arts de Paris. His first exhibit at the Salon came in 1865, where he displayed his portrayal of Hecuba. It brought him a first-class medal. Two years later, he received an award for his version of Jehoash of Judah. In 1869 he was given a prize for his "Hebrew Captive Weeping at the Ruins of Jerusalem". In 1872, after showing his portrait of Herodias, he was named a Chevalier in the Legion of Honor.

Despite being a Chevalier, his career suffered from the anti-Semitism that swept France after the Dreyfus Affair. He was, however, able to continue participating in the Salon until 1903. During this time, he took an extended trip to the Middle East with his friend, Fromentin, and produced several Orientalist works. He also served as a teacher. More on Henri-Léopold Lévy

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01 Orientalist Painting, Edwin Longsden Long's THE IONIAN POTTERY SELLER, with footnotes, #107

Edwin Longsden Long, British, 1829 - 1891

THE IONIAN POTTERY SELLER, c.1881

Oil on canvas

46 by 35⅛ in.; 116.8 by 89.4 cm

Private collection

 Ionia is the name given during ancient times to the central region of Anatolia ’s Aegean shore in Asia Minor, present-day Turkey, one of the most important centres of the Greek world. On the islands and cities of Ionia the style of pottery was not as rigorously geometric as it was in the Dorian ceramic from the continent.  Some Ionian schools of archaic pottery such as Corinth and Rhodes were highly influence by Eastern styles, the so called Orientalizing style. More on Ionian Pottery

Edwin Longsden Long RA (12 July 1829 – 15 May 1891) was an English genre, history, biblical and portrait painter. Long was born in Bath, and was educated at Dr. Viner's School in Bath. Adopting the profession of a painter, Long came to London and studied in the British Museum. He was subsequently a pupil in the school of James Mathews Leigh in Newman Street London, and practiced first as a portrait artist painting Charles Greville, Lord Ebury and others.

Long made the acquaintance of John Phillip RA, and accompanied him to Spain, where they spent much time. Long was greatly influenced by the paintings of Velasquez and other Spanish masters, and his earlier pictures, such as 'La Posada' (1864) and 'Lazarilla and the blind beggar' (1870), were painted under Spanish influence. His first important pictures were 'The Suppliants' (1872) and 'The Babylonian marriage market' (both subsequently purchased by Thomas Holloway). In 1874, he visited Egypt and Syria, and subsequently his work took a new direction. He became thoroughly imbued with middle-eastern archaeology and painted oriental scenes like 'The Egyptian Feast' (1877), 'The Gods and their makers' (1878) etc.

Long was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1870 and an academician (RA) in 1881. His pictures suited the taste and appealed to the religious sentiment of a large portion of the public, and their popularity was increased by a wide circulation of engravings. He consequently determined to exhibit his next pictures in a separate gallery of his own in Bond Street, London and there in 1883, and the following years, his 'Anno Domini' and 'Zeuxis at Crotona' met with great commercial success.

Long died from pneumonia resulting from influenza, at his home, "Kelston" in Netherhall Gardens, Hampstead, on 15 May 1891, in his sixty-second year. He was buried in West Hampstead Cemetery. More on Edwin Longsden Long

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01 Orientalist Painting, Eduardo Leon Garrido's NUDE IN A LIGHT-FILLED BOUDOIR , with footnotes, #106

Eduardo Leon Garrido, Spanish, 1856 - 1949

Detail; NUDE IN A LIGHT-FILLED BOUDOIR 

Oil on panel 

15 by 18⅛ in.; 38.1 by 46 cm

Private collection

Eduardo Leon Garrido, Spanish, 1856 - 1949

NUDE IN A LIGHT-FILLED BOUDOIR 

Oil on panel 

15 by 18⅛ in.; 38.1 by 46 cm

Private collection

Eduardo Leon Garrido ( Madrid , 1856 - Caen , 1949) was a Spanish painter. He began his training at the School of Painting in Madrid and as a disciple in the workshop of Vicente Palmaroli . Thanks to a grant from the Provincial de Madrid, traveled to Paris where he attended the workshop of Raimundo Madrazo . Later he traveled to Italy , connecting in Venice with Spanish painters of the likes of Mariano Fortuny and Martín Rico . In 1905 he was appointed professor of the School of Arts and Crafts in Varennes , staying in France the rest of his life. 

His style is influenced by impressionism and for some critics is reminiscent of that of Manet . His work is dedicated to traditional themes, portraits of women wearing elegant clothes of the Belle Époque and reproduction of gallant scenes. He achieved great success in his time and exhibited in Paris, London and Munich .

Some of his paintings can be seen in the Museo del Prado (Madrid), Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Argentina) , Bilbao Fine Arts Museum and private collections such as the Bellver Collection of Seville. More Eduardo Leon Garrido

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01 Orientalist Painting, Vasilios Chatzis' Byzantine naval battle, with footnotes, #111

Vasilios Chatzis, (Greek, 1870-1915)

Byzantine naval battle

Oil on card

25 x 22.5 cm

Private collection

The Byzantine navy was the naval force of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire. Like the empire it served, it was a direct continuation from its Imperial Roman predecessor, but played a far greater role in the defence and survival of the state than its earlier iteration. While the fleets of the unified Roman Empire faced few great naval threats, operating as a policing force vastly inferior in power and prestige to the legions, the sea became vital to the very existence of the Byzantine state, which several historians have called a "maritime empire" More on the The Byzantine navy

Vasileios Hatzis or Vassileios Chatzis (Greek, 1870 – 1915) was a Greek painter who was best known for his seascapes.

Vasileios Hatzis was born in 1870 in Kastoria. His family was involved in shipping, and he spent his childhood in Patras. From 1886 to 1893 he studied at the Athens School of Fine Arts. During the Balkan Wars of 1912–13 the government assigned him to the navy, where he portrayed action scenes of the Greek fleet. He died in Athens in 1915.

Hatzis is primarily known for his seascapes, but also painted landscapes and genre scenes from the life of farmers and fishermen. His work includes both academic and en plein air styles. The influence of impressionism may be detected in his work. He first exhibited in Athens in 1899, and his works were shown in group exhibitions in Athens (1902, 1907, 1909, 1910) and Alexandria (1903, 1906). A solo exhibition was held soon after his death at the Zappeion hall in Athens that showed more than 260 works. More on Vasilios Chatzis

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01 Orientalist Painting, Alberto Pasini's Mosque, with footnotes, #105

Alberto Pasini, Italian, 1826 - 1899

A Mosque, c. 1886

Oil on panel 

 14 5/8 x 21 3/4 in. (37.1 x 55.2 cm)

The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Alberto Pasini (Busseto, 3 September 1826 – Cavoretto, 15 December 1899) was an Italian painter. He was enrolled at the age of 17 years, in the Academy of Fine Art of Parma, studying landscape painting and drawing. In Parma, he was helped early on by Antonio Pasini, who painted for the local nobility and collaborated with the publishing house established by Giovanni Battista Bodoni. By 1852, he exhibited a series of thirty designs, made into lithographs, depicting various castles around Piacenza, Lunigiana and Parma. He was noticed by the artist Paolo Toschi, who encouraged Pasini to travel to Paris, where Pasini first joined the workshop of Charles and Eugène Ciceri, of the so-called School of Barbizon.

In 1853 his lithograph of The Evening gained him admittance to the Paris Salon, and to the workshop of the famous Théodore Chassériau. The eruption of the Crimean War offered a new opportunity, when in February 1855, this latter painter recommended Pasini to replace him on the entourage of the French plenipotentiary minister Nicolas Prosper Bourée to Persia. Pasini accompanied him, returning through the north of Persia and Armenia before reaching the port of Trebizond. In subsequent trips, he visited Egypt, the Red Sea, Arabia, Istanbul, and Persia. Pasini parlayed his exposures during this trip into numerous highly detailed paintings of orientalist subjects. He left again for Istanbul in October 1867, summoned by the French Ambassador Bourée. He returned to Turkey in 1876 to execute the four paintings commissioned by Sultan Abdul Aziz. He was about to return to Istanbul the next year, when his patron, the Sultan, died.

In 1865, he spent some time in Cannes, painted landscapes of the Riviera. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, he returned to Italy, settling in Cavoretto, on the hills around Turin. He continued to travel, closer to his home, with trips to Venice and two sojourns in Spain in 1879 and 1883. More Alberto Pasini

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01 Orientalist Painting, Rachid TalbiI's The arrival 2, with footnotes, #102

Rachid Talbi

The arrival 2, c. 2016

Oil on canvas

35 X 50 cm.

Private collection

Rachid Talbi was born on October 29, 1967 in Beni Mellal - Morocco. He lives in Oran - Algeria.

Graduated in 1992 following higher studies at the University of Es-Senia in Oran, in the Microbiology sector. He is a self-taught artist and a member of the National Union of Cultural Arts.

After his university studies, Rachid Talbi chooses to make his gift for painting, his profession. In the 2000s, his artistic career took a flourishing turn when he became a permanent artist at the Dar El Kenz gallery in Algiers. Endowed with a very rich artistic activity, he takes part in events related to painting in the Museums, galleries and cultural places of several cities of Algeria.

He exhibits regularly at the Maghreb fair in Paris. Some of his paintings were acquired by the Embassies of France, Venezuala and the United States in Algiers as well as by the Presidency of the Algerian Republic and the City of Paris. In 2009, he received a letter of recognition from his Majesty the King of Morocco, Rachid TALBI having offered him a canvas during the Feast of the Throne.

Rachid Talbi is a contemporary figurative painter who uses all techniques to express his art: oil, watercolor, acrylic, pastel, charcoal and pencil. From its bright and colorful touch flow scenes from everyday life, portraits, fantasias, marines, still lifes ...

His painting leaves no one indifferent and his notoriety is real in Algeria and Morocco. His talent explodes on social networks where he appears among the greatest contemporary painters of the Maghreb. More on Rachid Talbi

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01 Orientalist Painting, Carl Haag's COFFEE SERVICE, with footnotes, #101

Carl Haag, German, 1820 - 1915

THE COFFEE SERVICE

Gouache on paper laid on panel

36.5 by 26.5cm., 14¼ by 10½in.

Private collection

Carl Haag (20 April 1820 – 24 January 1915) was a Bavarian-born painter who became a naturalized British subject and was court painter to the duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Haag was born in Erlangen, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, and was trained in the Academy of Fine Arts in Nuremberg and at Munich. He first practised as an illustrator and as a painter in oils of portraits and architectural subjects; but in 1847 he settled in England, after which he devoted himself to watercolours, and in 1850 was elected an associate of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours before becoming a full member in 1853. He travelled a lot, especially in the East, and made a considerable reputation by his firmly drawn and carefully elaborated paintings of Eastern subjects.

Towards the end of his professional career, Carl Haag left England and returned to the newly united German Empire, where he died in Oberwesel. More Carl Haag

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02 Paintings by Orientalist Artist Gustav Bauernfeind's Market in Jaffa, with footnotes, #105

Gustav Bauernfeind, German, 1848 - 1904

Market in Jaffa, c. 1887

Oil on canvas

82 by 109cm., 32 by 43in.

Private collection

Market in Jaffa, now a part of Tel Aviv, was painted by Gustav Bauernfeind in 1887. Bauernfeind was extremely brave to paint in cities like Jaffa and Damascus. Jaffa was frequently under quarantine for plague and westerners could be attacked in the streets of Damascus by religious zealots. Bauernfeind would show up in these cities in western dress with bulky photographic equipment and somehow survive and get his work done. More on Market in Jaffa

Gustav Bauernfeind (4 September 1848, Sulz am Neckar - 24 December 1904, Jerusalem) was a German painter, illustrator and architect. He is considered to be one of the most notable Orientalist painters of Germany.

After completing his architectural studies in Stuttgart, he worked in the architectural firm of Professor Wilhelm Bäumer and later in that of Adolph Gnauth, where he also learned painting. In his earlier paintings, Bauernfeind focused on local views of Germany, as well as motifs from Italy. During his journey to the Levant from 1880 to 1882, he became interested in the Orient and repeated his travels again and again. In 1896 he moved with his wife and son all the way to Palestine and subsequently settled in Jerusalem in 1898. He also lived and worked in Lebanon and Syria.

Gustav Bauernfeind, (German, 1848–1904)

The market in Jaffa, 1887

Watercolor

39 x 53 cm. (15.4 x 20.9 in.)

Private collection

His work is characterized primarily by architectural views of Jerusalem and the Holy Land. The paintings of Bauernfeind are mostly meticulously crafted, intricately composed and almost photographically accurate cityscapes and images of known sanctuaries in oil. In addition, he produced landscape scenes and watercolours. During his lifetime he was the most popular Orientalist painter of Germany, but soon fell into oblivion after his death. However, since the early 1980s, Bauernfeind was gradually rediscovered. At his birthplace in Sulz am Neckar, the life and work of the painter is commemorated by the Gustav Bauernfeind Museum with a large permanent exhibition. More Gustav Bauernfeind

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03 Orientalist Paintings, Dance of the Almeh, with footnotes, #100

Carl Haag, German, 1820 - 1915

Dance of the Almeh, c. 1870

Watercolour over pencil on paper 

51 by 37.5cm., 20 by 14¾in.

Private collection

The title of this painting refers to the Arabic word analeim, meaning learned woman, which originally applied to professional female improvisers of songs and poems.  By 1850, the term meant virtually any woman dancer.  Their alluring dances, accompanied as shown here by musician playing a two-stringed cello.  European travelers came to think of these dances as a required part of their experience of the Orient.  More on Dance of the Almeh

Carl Haag (20 April 1820 – 24 January 1915) was a Bavarian-born painter who became a naturalized British subject and was court painter to the duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Haag was born in Erlangen, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, and was trained in the Academy of Fine Arts in Nuremberg and at Munich. He first practised as an illustrator and as a painter in oils of portraits and architectural subjects; but in 1847 he settled in England, after which he devoted himself to watercolours, and in 1850 was elected an associate of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours before becoming a full member in 1853. He travelled a lot, especially in the East, and made a considerable reputation by his firmly drawn and carefully elaborated paintings of Eastern subjects.

Towards the end of his professional career, Carl Haag left England and returned to the newly united German Empire, where he died in Oberwesel. More Carl Haag

Jean-Léon Gérôme, (1824–1904), French

Dance of the Almeh, c. 1863

Oil on wood panel

19 3/4 x 32 inches

 The Dayton Art Institute

Gérôme showed the painting at the 1864 Salon, the official annual exhibition in Paris.  Although Gérôme was by then securely established, Dance of the Almeh was highly controversial.  Though apparently popular with the public and with some critics, the painting provoked others to complain about its overt appeal to sexual sensibilities, some claiming that it was too immoral to be publicly shown.  The controversy seems to have had little effect on Gérôme’s career, as he attracted scores of European and American artists to study with him until the very end of his long career. More on this painting

Jean-Léon Gérôme

Sabre Dance in a Cafe, c. 1875

58.5 x 80 cm

Oil on canvas

Herbert F. Johnson museum, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Drawing on the pictorial and literary imagination of his time, Gérôme invented oriental scenes, using meticulously accurate detail and his open recourse to photographs taken during his trips to disguise his strategy. The Orient that Gérôme depicted was dreamed up by Victor Hugo in 1829 in his poetic work Orientales, and his “authentic” images at that time confirmed a view of the Orient as a place of sensuality and violence. More on this painting

Jean-Léon Gérôme (11 May 1824 – 10 January 1904) was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as Academicism. The range of his oeuvre included historical painting, Greek mythology, Orientalism, portraits and other subjects, bringing the Academic painting tradition to an artistic climax. He is considered one of the most important painters from this academic period, and in addition to being a painter, he was also a teacher with a long list of students. More on Jean-Léon Gérôme

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