01 Paintings by Orientalist Artists, Abiodun Olaku's THE CHARGE, with footnotes, #98

Abiodun Olaku, Nigerian, b.1958

THE CHARGE, c. 1995

Oil on canvas

134.5 by 162.5cm., 53 by 64in.

Private collection

Abiodun Olaku’s talent can be traced to his early days at Baptist Academy, Lagos, between 1970 and 1975. He enthusiastically participated in his school’s syllabus, which encouraged arts and crafts, through a retinue of qualified, committed and motivating teachers in the arts department. This, undoubtedly, left an indelible impression on his psyche, and it was therefore without any hesitation that he embraced the opportunity to study art at the next level of his educational pursuits.

Olaku has slowly but steadily transformed through a 35-year artistic sojourn, into an accomplished artist in his own right. Indeed, his works are highly collectible and he has an ever increasing following of admirers.

An indigene of Ogun State, Nigeria who was born on 29th December 1958, he works and lives in Lagos with his family. Abiodun Olaku is a respected member of the Society of Nigeria Artists (SNA); a founding member, inaugural vice-president and trustee of the Guild of Professional Fine Artists of Nigeria (GFA); and one of the founders and trustees of Universal Studios of Art, National Theatre, Lagos. He continues to train, mentor and inspire younger generations of Nigerian artists and also consults widely on professional art matters, among other activities. More on Abiodun Olaku

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02 Paintings by Orientalist Artists, Gustav Bauernfeind's Jaffa, with footnotes, #97

Gustav Bauernfeind  (1848–1904)

Market in Jaffa, c. 1887

Oil on canvas

height: 82 cm (32.2 in); width: 109 cm (42.9 in)

Private collection

Jaffa, the southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, is an ancient port city in Palestine. Jaffa is known for its association with the biblical stories of Jonah, Solomon and Saint Peter as well as the mythological story of Andromeda and Perseus, and later for its oranges. More on Jaffa

GUSTAV BAUERNFEIND, German, 1848 - 1904

PROCESSION IN JAFFA, c. 1890

Oil on canvas

105 by 135cm., 41½ by 53in.

Private collection

Here, a group of dervishes and sufis lead a religious procession, possibly of pilgrims, embarking on the annual Hajj to Mecca. Bauernfeind would have been quite familiar with the site of this important yearly event given his frequent visits to Damascus, the main hub and gathering point for the Syrian Hajj route south into Arabia. With flags flying, including the Solomonic seal, the crowd advances through a narrow Jaffa street on market day as onlookers, greengrocers, as well as a camel and a donkey, make way for it. In the far distance on the right, the Mediterranean Sea gleams in the evening light. More on this painting

Gustav Bauernfeind (4 September 1848, Sulz am Neckar - 24 December 1904, Jerusalem) was a German painter, illustrator and architect. He is considered to be one of the most notable Orientalist painters of Germany.

After completing his architectural studies in Stuttgart, he worked in the architectural firm of Professor Wilhelm Bäumer and later in that of Adolph Gnauth, where he also learned painting. In his earlier paintings, Bauernfeind focused on local views of Germany, as well as motifs from Italy. During his journey to the Levant from 1880 to 1882, he became interested in the Orient and repeated his travels again and again. In 1896 he moved with his wife and son all the way to Palestine and subsequently settled in Jerusalem in 1898. He also lived and worked in Lebanon and Syria.

His work is characterized primarily by architectural views of Jerusalem and the Holy Land. The paintings of Bauernfeind are mostly meticulously crafted, intricately composed and almost photographically accurate cityscapes and images of known sanctuaries in oil. In addition, he produced landscape scenes and watercolours. During his lifetime he was the most popular Orientalist painter of Germany, but soon fell into oblivion after his death. However, since the early 1980s, Bauernfeind was gradually rediscovered. At his birthplace in Sulz am Neckar, the life and work of the painter is commemorated by the Gustav Bauernfeind Museum with a large permanent exhibition. More Gustav Bauernfeind

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01 Painting by Orientalist Artists, George Elmer Browne's The Slave Market, with footnotes, #93

George Elmer Browne (American, 1871-1946)

The Slave Market

Oil on panel

35 in. x 36 in.

Private collection

Two nude figures draw the eye of both the depicted crowd and the viewer, as they stand in sharp contrast to their surroundings and hint at influences of classical sculpture. The dramatic sky owes perhaps to the work of John Constable with a strong impression of three-dimensional volume and tonal hues. Combining the suggestion of details with broad swaths of color was a particular skill of Browne, and one on ample display in this masterful market scene. More on this painting

George Elmer Browne (1871–1946) was an American artist known in France and Massachusetts.

Browne was born in Gloucester, Massachusetts. He studied in Boston at the Cowles Art School and the Museum of Fine Arts before completing his education under Jules Lefebvre and Tony Robert-Fleury in Paris. He founded the West End School of Art at his summer home in Provincetown in 1916 at the tip of Cape Cod far away from his studio in New York. The group was influenced by the impressionists and was among five schools in the town. Browne was very well regarded in France and became a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. Browne has work in Provincetown Museum. In 1919, Browne was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1928. More on George Elmer Browne

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02 Paintings by Orientalist Artists, Jean-Léon Gérôme's Egyptian Recruits Crossing the Desert, with footnotes, #95

Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824–1904)

Egyptian Recruits Crossing the Desert, c. 1857

Oil on canvas

64 x 109.8 cm

Private collection

The present works represents a scene common in Egypt during the nineteenth century, when young men from the villages were conscripted into the army of the Khalif, a process which dated back to the first attempt by Mohammed Ali Pasha, to build up a regular army in 1824. As seen in the paintings, the recruits trudge across the desert, escorted by the Arnaut guard, and challenge the heat and wind making their journey long and painful. Characteristic of Gérôme's most acclaimed orientalist paintings, this intense realism prompted the French critic Théophile Gautier to note that Gérôme succeeded in capturing the peculiar qualities of light and heat unique to the Egyptian desert. He further remarked that, contrary to the current fashion for representing hot countries as torrid and highly coloured, Gérôme had observed that extreme light drains all colours from objects and renders the sky and land white. More on this work

Jean-Léon Gérôme, (1824–1904)

The Egyptian recruting officer, c. 1861

Oil on panel 

11 x 16 in. (28 x 40.5 cm.) 

Private collection 

Jean-Léon Gérôme (11 May 1824 – 10 January 1904) was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as Academicism. The range of his oeuvre included historical painting, Greek mythology, Orientalism, portraits and other subjects, bringing the Academic painting tradition to an artistic climax. He is considered one of the most important painters from this academic period, and in addition to being a painter, he was also a teacher with a long list of students. More on Jean-Léon Gérôme

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01 Painting by Orientalist Artists, Ulpiano Fernández-Checa y Saiz's Between two oaseswith footnotes, #92

Ulpiano Fernández-Checa y Saiz

Between two oases

Oil on canvas55 x 100 cm.

Private collection

Ulpiano Fernández-Checa y Saiz (April 3, 1860 – January 5, 1916), known as Ulpiano Checa, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, poster designer and illustrator. He used both impressionistic and academic techniques, and mainly painted historical subjects.

He was born in Colmenar de Oreja, Spain, and exhibited a talent for art when he was a young child. At thirteen, he met Don José Ballesterwho was impressed with his work and decided to bring Checa and his family to the capital to begin his art studies.

In 1873, he entered the Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid, followed by study at the Spanish Academy of Fine Arts in Rome [es], where he would paint Invasion of the Barbarians (since lost in a fire) which won the gold medal at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts in 1887. More on Ulpiano Fernández-Checa y Saiz

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01 Painting by Orientalist Artists, Giulio Rosati's Conversation, with footnotes #91

Giulio Rosati, (Italian, 1858-1917)

The conversation

Pencil and watercolour on paper

14 5/8 x 21 1/8 in. (37 x 54 cm.)

Private collection

Sold for GBP 12,500 in December 2019

Giulio Rosati, 1858 - Rome - 1917,  specialised in eighteenth century costume pieces, comical scenes of from the life of the clergy and Orientalist subjects. His preferred medium was watercolour, though he also worked in oils.

Rosati studied at the Academy of Rome. He was the pupil of several eminent artists, in particular the poet and architect Francesco Podesti (1800-1895) and Dario Querci (born 1831), a portrait and history painter from Messina. He also studied with Luis Alvarez y Catala (1836-1901), director of the Prado Museum, Madrid.

Rosati was one of a large group of Italian Orientalist painters working in Rome at the end of the nineteenth century. These artists emulated Mariano Fortuny y Marsal in his skilful rendering of detail and bright colouring. This manner was particularly popular with American and British collectors, many of whom purchased these images as a memento of their travels in the Near East, a voyage very much in vogue at the end of the last century. 

Guilio Rosati had a son Alberto who also became an artist. His manner is very much indebted to his father, but he was not so prolific. More Giulio Rosati

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01 Painting by Orientalist Artists, José Gallegos y Arnosa's Personajes Arabes, with footnotes, #89

José Gallegos y Arnosa (1857-1917)

Personajes Arabes/ Arab Characters

Watercolour

35 x 32 cm

Private collection

José Gallegos Arnosa was born in Jerez de la Frontera on 3 May 1857. He was from a modest family and first studied at the school run by the Santo Domingo Academy of Fine Arts The patronage of Guillermo Garvey, the winery owner for whom his father worked, enabled him to go and live in Madrid at the age of sixteen and to enroll at the San Fernando Academy.

Years later, in the catalogs of his first National Exhibitions, he stated that his master had been Federico de Madrazo, who made him study “thoroughly” the works of Murillo, Velázquez and other accomplished artists.

In 1878, having been established in Madrid for five years, he left a testament to his learning in Arab Marriage (“Arab Wedding”), a work considerably important to be acquired by the state in 1882. Another work, En el haén (“ In the Harem ”), attests to the prestige he enjoyed in Jerez, as it was exhibited at the local academy.

Gallegos moved to Rome in 1880 and made the Italian capital his permanent residence except perhaps for a short stay in Tangiers. He spent his final period in Anzio, very close to Rome, where he came into contact with the colony of Spanish artists who had espoused the précieux aesthetic. He made his credit in the Eternal City with a large painting entitled War Booty in which he continued with the Orientalist themes. More on José Gallegos Arnosa

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